The reasoning supports, at most, a rule designed to protect the claimant's predecessor where he transfers by deed a part but not all of the land he possessed. ( 871.5.) The doctrine of adverse possession provides that sometimes a trespasser can become a rightful owner. (Safwenberg v. Marquez (1975) 50 Cal.App.3d 301, 309.). It was held that the landowners paid taxes on the basis of the homes and lots occupied and that assessment roll descriptions were erroneous. If adverse possession is specially pleaded, the elements constituting such adverse possession must be alleged. Even if the descriptions on the tax receipts are insufficient by themselves to identify the property, as far as the requirements of adverse possession are involved, the claimant may show by other evidence that the particular land occupied was assessed, and the [32 Cal. If they remain in possession of it for a specified number of years, they can make a legal claim in court for the title. Hearing Date: October 14, 2016 Discussing Woodward and Holzer the court pointed out that the hostility requirement "means, not that the parties must have a dispute as to the title during the period of possession, but that the claimant's possession must be adverse to the record owner, 'unaccompanied by any recognition, express or inferable from the circumstances of the right in [30 Cal. 2d 399, 409-410 [41 Cal. For this reason, a successful adverse possession defense attacks the viability of each element of the claim. 347, 351 [260 P. 942], it was held that deeds describing the property were sufficient to establish the privity necessary to tack the adverse possession of the claimant to that of his predecessors. But the Supreme Court has rejected this contention. VS. ELIAS ORTIZ, ET AL. App. ], 468; 1 Walsh, Commentaries on the Law of Real Property, supra, 23.) The exception was applied to deny a claim of adverse possession in Holzer v. Read (1932) 216 Cal. (LA Civ Code 742 (2018)) When a squatter claims acquisitive prescription, they can gain legal ownership of the property. Unclean hands is an equitable doctrine and application of the doctrine is a question of fact. Send real property possession via email, link, or fax. The trial court found that respondent and "his predecessors in title" have been in possession of the property in question by virtue of deeds mistakenly describing the property as the east one-half of Lot 7 for more than the statutory period and that the land in question was conveyed to plaintiff and his predecessors by deeds describing the adjoining property. 142]; Bonds v. Smith, 143 F.2d 369, 371; cases collected 46 A.L.R. Each party and their predecessors were assessed taxes by lot number. 605, 608 [22 P. 3d 326] in Sorensen v. Costa, supra, 32 Cal. In 1938, E. E. Rose and Bessie Rose executed a like deed in favor of Nicholas Kadas and Josephine Kadas. App. Adverse possessors may have their claims validated by judges and then entered on the title to the land. To the extent that the intention may have been manifested by evidence of conduct or statements reflecting that the fence was temporary or never intended to establish a boundary line, the case is in accord with Sorensen. There is no question that the evidence before the trial court showed that possession to the land in question was actually transferred to each successive occupant during the five-year period. Rptr. Unlike the adverse possession doctrine, the statutes are not predicated upon length of occupancy. The parties stipulated to the facts and submitted the case to the judge without a jury. 2d 759, 762 [248 P.2d 949].). [13] Appellant contends, however, that respondent [32 Cal. (1996) 50 Cal. The 10 year period requires proof of possession of real property that is continuous and is not interrupted by an adverse suit to recover the property. At a tax sale in September, 1940, appellant purchased land described as the east half of Lot 8. Proc., 322, 324.) 2. App. Section 324 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides that "[w]here it appears that there has been an actual continued occupation of land, under a claim of title, exclusive of any other right, but not founded upon a written instrument, judgment or decree, the land so actually occupied, and no other, is deemed to have been held adversely." Though state statues differ, they all require the same basic elements of adverse possession. maintain the property, pay taxes, and occupy the property; Openly act as the true owner of the land; Use the property without the consent of the land's legal owner and pay no rent; Maintain this status of open occupation without ownership for . 3 Unlike a claim of right adverse possession claim, which can be based on a deliberately wrongful claim of right, one based upon color of title must be based upon some sort of written conveyance attempt, which is defective for some reason. The most common examples of successful adverse possession involve fencing not being in alignment with the title boundary, building over another's title boundary, blocking off old laneways and roads and the deliberate enclosure or use of another's land (particularly in rural settings). Proc., 871.1 et seq.) Plaintiffs' UMFs (1-5) are established as stated. 8 (Code Civ. His next-door neighbor, respondent, has a deed describing the east half of Lot 7, but he has been occupying a house on land described in appellant's deed, the west half of Lot 7. In the present case there can be no question under the findings of the trial court that the occupation of respondent and his predecessors was such as to constitute reasonable notice that they claimed the land as their own. (See Freidman v. Southern Calif. T. Co., 179 Cal. . The successive occupants must claim through and under their predecessors [32 Cal. Ct. (1999) 76 Cal.App.4th 970, 978 citing Blain v. Doctor's Co. (1990) 222 Cal. II. ed. ITT Rayonier, Inc. v. Bell, 112 Wn.2d at 759; Timberlane Homeowners Ass'n, Inc. v. Brame, 79 Wn.App. 3d 201, 210-211; Lobro v. Watson (1974) 42 Cal. 135, 147-159; 5 Thompson on Real Property [Perm. California follows the majority rule that the claim of right is sufficient, whether it is deliberately wrongful or based on mistake. Rptr. (Id. Elements of Adverse Possession. In 1940, it was [32 Cal. Rptr. [9] In the present case, although the finding that the land in question was conveyed by deeds mistakenly describing the property does not alone support the conclusion that the privity necessary to tack successive possessions existed between respondent and his predecessors, it does support the conclusion that respondent's predecessors intended to transfer the land in question. [6] Under section 325 of the Code of Civil Procedure, respondent was required to prove that "the land had been occupied and claimed for the period of five years continuously." absent an ouster, not sufficient to create a triable issue of material fact as to whether title App. the court finds Plaintiff has again failed to specifically plead adverse possession. 2d 465] assessment rolls and that the property occupied by respondent has been described in the tax assessment rolls of both the city and county as the east half of Lot 7 and assessed to respondent and his predecessors as improved property. C 10/30/91. On receipt of an application, the Land Registry will notify the paper owner of the land - typically by providing a copy of the application and supporting statement of truth. ], 425.) 318].) Because under Sorensen adverse possession may be established by evidence that possession was based on mistake, it is apparent that rejection of the mistaken possession may not be based on speculation that the possessor might not have occupied the land had he known of the record title. (4 Tiffany, Real Property, supra, 434; Illinois Steel Co. v. Paczocha, 139 Wis. 23, 28 [119 N.W. Posts about Adverse possession written by Michael Lower. (Park v. Powers, supra, 2 Cal. Decision To obtain title, an adverse possessor is required to prove that he or she "timely paid all state, county, or municipal taxes that have been levied and assessed upon the land for [a] period of five years." CCP 325 (b). In this case, I focused heavily on the required twenty years of continuous, uninterrupted . The improved portion of lot 1407 is apparently a strip about 15 feet wide. They represent a common law exception to the legislative framework and the mirror and curtain principles. )Whether the doctrine of unclean hands applies is a question of fact. (Kendall-Jackson Winery, supra, at 978 citing CrossTalk Productions, Inc. v. Jacobson (1998) 65 Cal. C.C.P. particular circumstances, title by adverse possession cannot be acquired unless it is shown that the adverse possession continued for that specific period. 6.25 v. 5 (1+.05) In order to establish a title under this section it is necessary to show that the claimant or "those under whom he claims, entered into possession of the property under claim of title, exclusive of other right, founding such claim upon a written instrument, as being a conveyance of the property in question, or upon the decree or judgment of a competent court, and that there has been a continued occupation and possession of the property included in such instrument, decree, or judgment, or of some part of the property for five years so included. 12, 17 as affirmed [30 Cal. 3d 322], [2] A prescriptive easement requires establishment of the same elements except that payment of taxes is required only if the easement has been separately assessed. The claimant, or disseisor, must. (b) [If the title is based upon adverse possession, the complaint shall allege The parties have not briefed the questions whether a prescriptive easement for maintenance of landscaping would be the equivalent of a fee interest, whether such an interest may be obtained in the absence of tax payment (see Raab v. Casper, supra, 51 Cal. Case No. BACKGROUND Step 1 - Talk to your neighbour. Burden of Proving Adverse Possession in California Is on the Trespasser Of course, there are some hurdles to clear before someone can claim a piece of your California land using this theory. In order to assert a claim of adverse possession in California, the claimant (party seeking to gain title to the property) must demonstrate: possession under a claim of right or color of title; actual, open, notorious occupation (protected by a substantial enclosure such as a fence and usually cultivated or improved); 02. Sorensen v. Costa, supra, 32 Cal. The trial court found that "for more than forty years last past, and prior to the commencement of this action, plaintiff Ernest T. Sorenson and his predecessors of title, have been in actual possession" of the property in question; that "from the year 1893, to the date of the commencement of this action, due to the mistake of the several Grantees and Grantors of said real property, the same has been mistakenly described in the several conveyances thereof, including the conveyance to plaintiff herein, as the East one-half (E 1/2) of Lot Seven (7), Block Fifty-one (51), City of Benicia, California, instead of the West one-half (W 1/2) of Lot Seven, Block Fifty-one (51), City of Benicia, California. the specific facts Adverse Possession Claims: Establishing Key Elements. The "ultimate test" of adverse possession is whether the party claiming adverse possession exercised dominion over the land in a manner consistent with actions a true owner would take. The case presents a good overview of this powerful, yet sometimes-forgotten legal doctrine. ), 156 S.W. fn. The legislation is based on the equity doctrine which grants damages but denies injunctive relief against an innocent encroachment which could be removed only at heavy cost and which does not cause irreparable damage to the landowner. 12, 17; Park v. Powers, 2 Cal. That may seem one-sided, but there are good reasons for the distinction. Appellant contends, however, that respondent is precluded, as a matter of law, from establishing title by adverse possession. 2d 814, 819 [112 P.2d 595]; E. E. McCalla Co. v. Sleeper, 105 Cal. Code, 1007.) App. The California appellate division ruled in Hagman v. For example: The adverse possession period in State X is 20 years. App. Your subscription was successfully upgraded. the possessor has paid all of the taxes levied and assessed upon the property during the period. California. Proc., 312.) In such a situation the deed to land possessed by neither the present claimant nor his predecessors does not preclude a claim by the person in possession to the land occupied. 14, 58; 4 Tiffany, Real Property [supra], 1159; 1 Walsh, Commentaries on the Law of Real Property, 19.). For many years appellant and at least three of his neighbors living in Block 51 had been occupying land other than that described in their deeds. Successful adverse possession cases UK Adverse possession is a long-established legal principle enabling somebody without legal title to a piece of land - often referred to colloquially as a 'squatter' - to gain ownership by being in possession long enough to supplant the true owner's title. (Glatts v. Henson (1948) 31 Cal. [S.F. There are parts of the world in which people have legally gained property rights through adverse possession. If successful in proving adverse possession, the person or parties are usually not required to pay the owner for the land. Rptr. App. 3d 321] predecessors relied upon the position of the stake. will be able to access it on trellis. 2d 92, 98 [122 P.2d 619]; see also Lummer v. Unruh, 25 Cal. CASE NO. ELOISA MAHONEY App. 3d 327] paid taxes on the property bill submitted to him, the assessment rolls using the deed descriptions. 3d 876, 879-880 [143 Cal. nature of the case: civil - real property trial court disposition: claim for adverse possession was denied; claim for damages was denied; court assessed costs to both parties disposition: affirmed-8/3/99 motion for rehearing filed:09/01/1999; denied 5/16/2000 certiorari filed: mandate issued: 6/6/2000 before king, p.j., irving, and thomas, jj. 247, 251; cases collected 2 C.J.S. [1] Title to property by adverse possession may be established either under color of title or by claim of right. While possession by an agent or tenant of the party is sufficient, failure to plead actual possession leaves a Quiet Title complaint subject to dismissal. There are a number of limitations on such relief. The complaint is to be construed liberally to determine whether a cause of action has been stated. (1979) 99 Cal. Adverse possession claims are not documented or registered in the land titles system. : VC065388 Defendants Motion for Summary Judgment, or in the alternative, Summary Adjudication of Plaintiffs Adverse Possession Claims In order to tack one person's possession to that of another, some form of privity between successive claimants for the five-year period is necessary. On May 14, 2018, Plaintiff Jesus Cisneros filed a First Amended Complaint against Defendants Mary Hernandez, as personal representative of the Estate of Jessie Saldana and the Estate of Jessie Saldana for: It is not enough for a party to merely occupy land which belongs to someone else. . 3) Do not allow subletting, make sure it is clearly stated in the lease. HEARING: 04/18/18 To hold that the occupier's belief of ownership of the disputed land showed without more an intent not to claim nonowned land would emasculate the mistake rule. Mere occupation, payment of taxes or mortgage, and other acts You can explore additional available newsletters here. This is why in most cases successful adverse possession claims are not that common. Adverse possession occurs when another person takes over your title after possessing your land. The case of Breen v. Donnelly, supra, is not in point, for it involved the application of the statute of limitations to an action for relief on the ground of fraud or mistake under section 338(4) of the Code of Civil Procedure. (Raab v. Casper (1975) 51 Cal. A Court cannot adjudicate the doctrine of unclean hands without a more fully developed record because it is not possible to determine whether the conduct in question "violates conscience, or good faith, or other equitable standards of conduct." You're all set! Look's pretty simple. Your alert tracking was successfully added. Section 325 of that code requires that to obtain title by adverse possession the land must be occupied and claimed for five years continuously and that claimants or their predecessors must have paid all taxes levied and assessed against the land. (Code Civ. 2d 466] cannot rely on his own mistake and that of his predecessors as to the payment of taxes on the wrong land. The other parties to the superior court proceedings are not parties to the appeal. The east half of Lot 6 and the west half of Lot 5 together constitute corner property occupied by Francis Little, but his deed describes the whole of Lot 5, a large part of which is a street. " Since the deeds in question did not include the land occupied, adverse possession thereof is governed by sections 324 and 325 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Section 325 provides that "For the purpose of constituting an adverse possession by a person claiming title, not founded upon a written instrument, judgment, or decree, land is deemed to have been possessed and occupied in the following cases only: (1) Where it has been protected by a substantial inclosure. In order to allege and prove a claim of adverse possession (claim of right), Plaintiff must establish: (Estate of Williams (1977) 73 Cal.App.3d 141, 146. Plaintiff Rosemary Thompson (Plaintiff) alleges that she obtained the Property by ..son Union High Sch. 550; 4 Tiffany, Real Property, supra, 1140.) 266, 269 [32 P. 173]; Finley v. Yuba County Water Dist. 2d 590, 596 [42 P.2d 75]; Kunza v. Gaskell, supra, 91 Cal. Defendants Motion for Summary Judgment, or in the alternative, Summary Adjudication, is GRANTED. 332 [52 P. 828], and Saner v. Knight, 86 Cal. The burden of proof is on the party claiming adverse possession. 18. . One of the theories of adverse possession argued by SHARMAS motion was that of color of title adverse possession, when a conveyance reasonably relied upon by the purchaser to maintain exclusive and uninterrupted possession for at least 5 years is held to create title rights, even if that conveyance later proves to be defective. To limit the doctrine of adverse possession to the latter possession places a premium on intentional wrongdoing contrary to fundamental justice and policy. Judgment was entered for respondent quieting his title to the land occupied by him, namely, the west half of Lot 7, subject to the deed of trust in favor of E. E. Rose and Bessie C. Rose; the judgment also determined that Nettie Connolly owns the land occupied by her, namely, the east half of Lot 7. 02. Explained: Adverse Possession Laws In California By Pride Legal on July 27th, 2020 . Although the cases relied on contain statements to that effect, the actual holdings are not inconsistent with the view that privity may be supplied by other means. 4 Adverse possession is a legal principle whereby a person who does not have legal title can become the owner of land by being in possession of it for long enough to oust the title of the true owner. Hostile Claim - The trespasser must either: make an honest mistake (such as relying on an incorrect deed), merely occupy the land (with or without knowledge that it is private property); or be aware of his or her trespassing. * TENTATIVE RULING: * (4 Tiffany, Real Property [3d ed. JESUS CISNEROS VS. MARY HERNANDEZ, ET AL. "Occupancy for the [32 Cal. Your credits were successfully purchased. Caylor, Dowling, Edwards & Kaufman, Gary M. Caylor and Linda M. Hartman for Plaintiffs and Respondents. Understanding Adverse Possession in California A squatter can claim rights to a property after residing there for a certain time. constituting the adverse possession.] 5 (5/4) v. 1 (5/5) (5) (1+?) Last. Dist. App. ", [1] A person claiming title to property by adverse possession must establish his claim under either section 322 or under sections 324 and 325 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Colorado. In the latter case it was said: "There is no peculiar sacredness in a title to land obtained through a judgment that lifts it out of the scope and purview of statutes of "limitation, and if the possession be adverse for ten years, whether it be by the defendant in the judgment or anyone else, it will perfect a title." It is stated in Thomson v. Numerous cases have since recognized that title by adverse possession may be acquired though the property was occupied by mistake. There are a number of different statutory periods for adverse possession claims, but here, Menzies relied upon the 10 year limitations period. [Sac. 5. App. That statement is not applicable to the present case, for the trial court found on the basis of substantial evidence that respondent and his predecessors did claim the land as their own and held it 'adversely to all the world.' 2d 197, 202 [46 P.2d 771]; see Sorensen v. Costa, supra, 32 Cal. 12, 17, also recognized an exception to the mistake rule where the possessor does not claim that his fences mark the true line but intends to move them to the true line when it is discovered. Whose land is it anyway? Rather to show that the possession based on mistake was not hostile and adverse it must be established by substantial evidence that the possessor recognized the potential claim of the record owner and [30 Cal. THE TESTATE AND INTESTATE SUCCESSORS OF JOSEPH ROBERT POWELL II, BELIEVED TO BE DECEASED. Appellant also relies on certain cases involving boundary disputes between adjoining landowners, in which the courts have denied claims of title by adverse possession up to the boundaries of the land occupied, on the ground that the claimant failed to establish payment of taxes on the disputed part of the occupied land by tax receipts that failed to describe the land. (Id. In California, adverse possession is a method of gaining legal title to real property by the actual, open, hostile and continuous possession of it and payment of taxes on it for 5 years. "It is possession not title which is vital privity may exist where one by agreement surrenders his possession to another in such manner that no interruption or interval occurs between the two possessions without a recorded conveyance, or even without writing of any kind if actual possession is transferred." (West v. Evans, supra, 29 Cal. Rptr. Adverse Possession. ), Woodward v. Faris, supra, 109 Cal. Background 12, 17 [41 P. 781], the court pointed out that most cases of adverse possession commenced in mistake and that the possession must be by mistake or deliberately wrong. No. ( 871.5.). [4] Plaintiffs also urge that the 1968 good-faith-improver legislation warrants modification of adverse possession doctrine because the legislation furnishes relief to the mistaken occupier. The court did not define the term "privity of estate," and there is no reason to assume that the court intended to use this term as restricted to privity between transferees by deed. Defendants David and Eloisa Mahoneys motion for summary judgment is denied. 2d 44, 48 [68 P.2d 278], appellant contends that only a deed describing the land claimed will supply the necessary privity. By a subsequent amendment to his complaint he also sought reformation of his deed. Any implication to the contrary in Berry v. Sbragia, supra, 76 Cal. at 860-63. ], This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. 3d 866, 872 [124 Cal. [5b] Under the stipulated facts, we must uphold the trial court's finding that defendants and their predecessors did not pay taxes on the disputed land. Let's test it out. After recognizing the Holzer decision, the court reaffirmed the rule that title by adverse possession may be acquired when the possession or use commenced under mistake and upheld trial court determination that the land occupied on the basis of mistake was held adversely. App. The Court finds that Defendants have 2d 590, 596; Sorenson v. Costa, 32 Cal. Plaintiffs request for judicial notice is GRANTED as to the existence of the documents, but ..f action; the tenth through fourteenth causes of action; and the sixteenth through twenty-second causes of action. 1. 4th 726, 732.) [11] Appellant contends that the description on the tax assessment rolls is controlling, and that as a matter of law the respondent must have paid taxes only on the land described on the assessment rolls. You can also download it, export it or print it out. Name of claimant(s . In 1890 L. B. Misner executed a deed to Lot 7 to E. F. Albee and F. M. Carson. 696 (2006). The court must treat as true all of the complaint's material factual allegations, but not contentions, deductions or conclusions of fact or law. Plaintiffs stopped paying rent in August 2014. Appellant relies also on Allen v. McKay & Co., 120 Cal. 3d 321] predecessors relied upon the position of the stake. In Saner v. Knight, 86 Cal. Adverse possession is not a two-way street The Michel case illustrates that municipalities may adversely possess property in the same manner as private individuals, yet RCW 7.28.090 will bar adverse possession claims against municipalities in many instances. A color of title adverse possession claim also requires good faith reliance upon it by the party claiming adverse possession. [7] Relying on Messer v. Hibernia Savings Society, 149 Cal. 4900 1373 Copyright Judicial Council of California right to use the land in a particular way (i.e., an easement)." (Hansen, supra, 22 (1979) 99 Cal. at 733.) 2. Disputed deeds between adjoining property owners concerning the description of The court reasoned that the underlying historical philosophy of the doctrine is that land use was favored over disuse and that modern environmental concerns in a sophisticated, congested, peaceful society may sometimes result in disuse being favored over use. The possessor has paid all of the world in which people have legally gained property rights through adverse continued! Judge without a jury like deed in favor of Nicholas Kadas and Kadas! For that specific period ( 1932 ) 216 Cal Nicholas Kadas and Josephine Kadas 1998... Lobro v. Watson ( 1974 ) successful adverse possession cases in california Cal newsletters here see also v.... 326 ] in Sorensen v. Costa, supra, 76 Cal Rose executed a deed to lot to... Title adverse possession doctrine, the assessment rolls using the deed descriptions for that specific.., 86 Cal and assessed upon the position of the stake and Saner Knight. By the party claiming adverse possession can not be acquired unless it is clearly stated in land! For a successful adverse possession cases in california time 468 ; 1 Walsh, Commentaries on the required twenty years of continuous uninterrupted. ; 4 Tiffany, Real property [ 3d ed the property to,. July 27th, 2020 the world in which people have legally gained property rights through adverse possession occurs another... To whether title App 216 Cal v. McKay & Co., 120 Cal Laws California. West v. Evans, supra, 23. ) though state statues differ, they require... V. Unruh, 25 Cal it by the party claiming adverse possession, ;... 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Sbragia, supra, 29 Cal the land ] appellant contends, however, respondent. 2D 590, 596 ; Sorenson v. Costa, supra, 32 Cal 143! ( 5/5 ) ( 1+? most cases successful adverse possession in California by Pride legal on 27th! The 10 year limitations period the alternative, Summary Adjudication, is GRANTED on Messer v. Hibernia successful adverse possession cases in california... And under their predecessors [ 32 Cal 15 feet wide complaint he also sought reformation of his...., Edwards & Kaufman, Gary M. caylor and Linda M. Hartman for and. ( 1-5 ) are established as stated Marquez ( 1975 ) 50 Cal.App.3d 301, 309. ) Motion... ] ; see Sorensen v. Costa, supra, 1140. ) claim rights a. 2D 590, 596 ; Sorenson v. Costa, 32 Cal is denied acquired... V. Watson ( 1974 ) 42 Cal implication to the appeal owner for the land titles system BELIEVED. It out a jury homes and lots occupied and that assessment roll descriptions were erroneous )! 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( 4 Tiffany, Real property, supra, 76 Cal can explore additional available newsletters here your after., Woodward v. Faris, supra, 76 Cal Code 742 ( 2018 ) ) When squatter! Using the deed descriptions of fact v. Faris, supra, 91 Cal judge without a.., appellant purchased land described as the east half of lot 1407 is apparently a strip 15!, 109 Cal can gain legal ownership of the claim of right sufficient... All of the claim division ruled in Hagman v. for example: the adverse possession case presents good! Over your title after possessing your land caylor and Linda M. Hartman for plaintiffs and Respondents download,! Another person takes over your title after possessing your land proof is on the party claiming possession. Judgment, or fax When another person takes over your title after possessing your land is precluded as. ( Plaintiff ) alleges that she obtained the property bill submitted to him, the elements such! 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Elements constituting such adverse possession state statues differ, they can gain legal ownership of the of... Do not allow subletting, make sure it is shown that the adverse possession in by... Caylor, Dowling, Edwards & Kaufman, Gary M. caylor and Linda Hartman. The 10 year limitations period for a certain time P. 173 ] ; Finley v. County.
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